Please use one of the following formats to cite this article in your essay, paper or report:

APA
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation (2011, September 17). Novartis Study Showed ACZ885 Provided Substantial Symptom Relief In 84% Of Patients With The Most Serious Form Of Childhood Arthritis. Medical News Today. Retrieved September 17, 2011 from http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/releases/234558.php MLA
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation. "Novartis Study Showed ACZ885 Provided Substantial Symptom Relief In 84% Of Patients With The Most Serious Form Of Childhood Arthritis". Medical News Today, September 17, 2011. Web. 17 Sep, 2011.

Please note: If no author information is provided, the source is cited instead.


A drug used today to treat rheumatoid arthritis might be effective in treating asthma symptoms after two genetic variants have been found to increase asthma susceptibility, researchers from the Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia and others from around the world reported in The Lancet. The scientists found that cytokines - genes associated with signalling molecules that are involved in how the immune system functions - are involved in the development of asthma.

The authors explained that the causes of asthma have for long been poorly understood, in spite of several attempts to locate the genetic variants. Some recent GWAS (genome-wide associated studies) have only managed to locate some candidate genes which appear to have a slight effect on asthma risk. They have not fully explained the heritability of asthma, which leads doctors and scientists to believe that many genetic variations are involved.

Manuel Ferreira and an international team of experts set out to determine what genetic variations might be responsible for higher asthma risk by carefully examining all current GWAS and expanding on them.

They compared the genomes of thousands of asthma patients with individuals who do not have asthma across several populations and identified two genetic mutations that were strongly linked to asthma risk.

The genetic variants were:
  • rs4129267 in the interleukin-6 receptor (IL6R) gene, and
  • rs7130588 on chromosome 11q13.5
Interleukin 6 (IL-6) is a cytokine. A cytokine is any substance that is secreted by some immune system cells that have an effect on other cells. Interferon, interleukin, and growth factors are examples of cytokines. Interleukin 6 (IL-6) plays a major role in immunity response and inflammation - it is involved in the way diseases develop (pathogenesis), including rheumatoid arthritis. The expression of the IL-6 receptor is increased by the rs4129267 risk variant. Consequently, the researchers believe that medications that inhibit the receptor should be tested in clinical trials to see how effective they are at reducing asthma-associated airway inflammation.

The drug tocilizumab is an example of a medication that blocks the receptor. It is already approved for rheumatoid arthritis treatment.

A high proportion of atopic (allergic) asthma patients were found to have the rs7130588 variant on chromosome 11q13.5. Interestingly, it was correlated with a nearby variant which has been recently associated with atopic dermatitis risk.

The authors believe that a gene in this region is involved in the development of allergic sensitisation, which raises allergic asthma risk.

The authors wrote:

"At this stage it is unclear which gene underlies the association with 11q13.5. Given that no specific gene in this region has been directly implicated in allergic disease previou. sly, further characterisation of this region of association is likely to discover novel molecular mechanisms involved in the causality of eczema, atopy, and asthma."


So far, no single genetic cause has been located which is responsible for over 1% of asthma heritability, the authors added. Their findings demonstrate that asthma is a complex condition, and most likely several genes of small effect combine and interact with environmental risk factors in driving asthma risk.

The scientists concluded:

"Our results are consistent with the contribution of hundreds or potentially thousands of variants with weak effects on asthma risk, which can be identified through larger GWAS as already shown with other diseases."


Kathleen Barnes, from Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA, in a Comment in the same journal wrote:

"Success in the validation of various candidates (and their pathways) that are already on the asthma shortlist of potential causal genes, and the biological insight to be gained from the novel findings in this report are grounds for optimism in the continuation of the GWAS approach. Combination of GWAS with next-generation technologies will undoubtedly further help to disentangle the molecular underpinnings of complex traits such as asthma."


Written by Christian Nordqvist
Copyright: Medical News Today
Not to be reproduced without permission of Medical News Today

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Maybe it's because I spent a lot of time with my grandmother and her house was full of them. I personally don't have any of these in my collection, since I like to collect pieces that I can relate to. It is done in vibrant colors and also depicts the buildings in the market like an ice cream parlor and the Hotel Van Nuys..My sister also shares my love for folk art. It's of a swamp house on a bayou and has a Louisiana feel to it.One of the most famous American artists is Thomas Chambers. If she could kick the ball they way she liked to kick me in the knee, I'd see to it she played for my team every time. It's called Alligator Fisher and I'm thinking about getting because it reminds me of my cajun heritage, most of my family is from Louisiana. I saw a painting he did of a fishing scene but I chose not to buy it. I don't know whose smile is bigger, the one in the painting or the one on my face every time I look at it. I'll find someone to give it to. One of my favorites that she had was done by John Roeder. She looked so relaxed, that I could imagine what it felt like to lie there myself.One of my favorite paintings was done in 1962 by Bill Dodge. I have a friend who collects these and I found one that depicts leopards and gave it to her for her birthday.The painting that has touched me the most features a sad.....

Please note: If no author information is provided, the source is cited instead. Please use one of the following formats to cite this article in your essay, paper or report: APA Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation (2011, September 17).5Interleukin 6 (IL-6) is a cytokine. It is already approved for rheumatoid arthritis treatment.The drug tocilizumab is an example of a medication that blocks the receptor. Given that no specific gene in this region has been directly implicated in allergic disease previou. Consequently, the researchers believe that medications that inhibit the receptor should be tested in clinical trials to see how effective they are at reducing asthma-associated airway inflammation."So far, no single genetic cause has been located which is responsible for over 1% of asthma heritability, the authors added. A drug used today to treat rheumatoid arthritis might be effective in treating asthma symptoms after two genetic variants have been found to increase asthma susceptibility, researchers from the Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia and others from around the world reported in The Lancet. The scientists found that cytokines - genes associated with signalling molecules that are involved in how the immune system functions - are involved in the development of allergic sensitisation, which raises allergic asthma risk.A high proportion of atopic (allergic) asthma patients were found to have the rs7130588 variant on chromosome 11q13. Interleukin 6 (IL-6) plays a major role in immunity response and inflammation - it is involved in the way diseases develop (pathogenesis), including rheumatoid arthritis. Some recent GWAS (genome-wide associated studies) have only managed to locate some candidate genes which appear to have a slight effect on asthma risk.The authors explained that the causes of asthma have for long been poorly understood, in spite It's a beautiful painting but it's just too depressing to hang anywhere.Another painting that I admire is called Howard in 1944. Now we're very close.There is a water scene that I really like painted in 1940.One of my favorite paintings was done in 1962 by Bill Dodge. I don't particularly care for his art.The painting that has touched me the most features a sad little girl and is called A Letter From My Mother. If she could kick the ball they way she liked to kick me in the knee, I'd see to it she played for my team every time.One of the most famous American artists is Thomas Chambers. It was painted in 1988 by Reverend Howard Finster and is done in enamel. She favors animal prints, and I found one that depicts leopards and gave it to her for her birthday.I have loved folk art paintings since I was a child. I don't know whose smile is bigger, the one in the painting or the one on my face every time I look at it. Maybe it's because I spent a lot of time with my grandmother and her house was full of them. One of my favorites that she had was done by John Roeder. I'll find someone to give it to.. She looked so relaxed, that I could imagine what it felt like to lie there myself. It's pretty funny to me that when we were growing up, she'd cry because she wasn't allowed to play football with the boys and I used to tease her relentlessly and pull her pigtails whenever I got the chance.My sister also shares my love for folk art. I saw a painting he did of a fishing scene but I chose not to buy it. When she died,

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APA
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation (2011, September 17). Novartis Study Showed ACZ885 Provided Substantial Symptom Relief In 84% Of Patients With The Most Serious Form Of Childhood Arthritis. Medical News Today. Retrieved September 17, 2011 from http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/releases/234558.php MLA
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation. "Novartis Study Showed ACZ885 Provided Substantial Symptom Relief In 84% Of Patients With The Most Serious Form Of Childhood Arthritis". Medical News Today, September 17, 2011. Web. 17 Sep, 2011.

Please note: If no author information is provided, the source is cited instead.


A drug used today to treat rheumatoid arthritis might be effective in treating asthma symptoms after two genetic variants have been found to increase asthma susceptibility, researchers from the Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia and others from around the world reported in The Lancet. The scientists found that cytokines - genes associated with signalling molecules that are involved in how the immune system functions - are involved in the development of asthma.

The authors explained that the causes of asthma have for long been poorly understood, in spite of several attempts to locate the genetic variants. Some recent GWAS (genome-wide associated studies) have only managed to locate some candidate genes which appear to have a slight effect on asthma risk. They have not fully explained the heritability of asthma, which leads doctors and scientists to believe that many genetic variations are involved.

Manuel Ferreira and an international team of experts set out to determine what genetic variations might be responsible for higher asthma risk by carefully examining all current GWAS and expanding on them.

They compared the genomes of thousands of asthma patients with individuals who do not have asthma across several populations and identified two genetic mutations that were strongly linked to asthma risk.

The genetic variants were:
  • rs4129267 in the interleukin-6 receptor (IL6R) gene, and
  • rs7130588 on chromosome 11q13.5
Interleukin 6 (IL-6) is a cytokine. A cytokine is any substance that is secreted by some immune system cells that have an effect on other cells. Interferon, interleukin, and growth factors are examples of cytokines. Interleukin 6 (IL-6) plays a major role in immunity response and inflammation - it is involved in the way diseases develop (pathogenesis), including rheumatoid arthritis. The expression of the IL-6 receptor is increased by the rs4129267 risk variant. Consequently, the researchers believe that medications that inhibit the receptor should be tested in clinical trials to see how effective they are at reducing asthma-associated airway inflammation.

The drug tocilizumab is an example of a medication that blocks the receptor. It is already approved for rheumatoid arthritis treatment.

A high proportion of atopic (allergic) asthma patients were found to have the rs7130588 variant on chromosome 11q13.5. Interestingly, it was correlated with a nearby variant which has been recently associated with atopic dermatitis risk.

The authors believe that a gene in this region is involved in the development of allergic sensitisation, which raises allergic asthma risk.

The authors wrote:

"At this stage it is unclear which gene underlies the association with 11q13.5. Given that no specific gene in this region has been directly implicated in allergic disease previou. sly, further characterisation of this region of association is likely to discover novel molecular mechanisms involved in the causality of eczema, atopy, and asthma."


So far, no single genetic cause has been located which is responsible for over 1% of asthma heritability, the authors added. Their findings demonstrate that asthma is a complex condition, and most likely several genes of small effect combine and interact with environmental risk factors in driving asthma risk.

The scientists concluded:

"Our results are consistent with the contribution of hundreds or potentially thousands of variants with weak effects on asthma risk, which can be identified through larger GWAS as already shown with other diseases."


Kathleen Barnes, from Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA, in a Comment in the same journal wrote:

"Success in the validation of various candidates (and their pathways) that are already on the asthma shortlist of potential causal genes, and the biological insight to be gained from the novel findings in this report are grounds for optimism in the continuation of the GWAS approach. Combination of GWAS with next-generation technologies will undoubtedly further help to disentangle the molecular underpinnings of complex traits such as asthma."


Written by Christian Nordqvist
Copyright: Medical News Today
Not to be reproduced without permission of Medical News Today

  • Additional
  • References
  • Citations